Knowledgebase

"Mailbox Quota Exceeded" Bounces Mail is being refused because a mailbox is full.IF IT IS YOUR MAILBOXcPanel > Email Accounts... 508 Resource Limit Is Reached Your account hit a plan allowance.WHAT IT MEANSNot a fault. Your account reached its CPU, memory,... A Backup Strategy That Works Beyond a single copy.WHAT TO BACK UPWebsite files and database Email Business records and... A Checklist for Any New Application What to do every time.BEFORE INSTALLINGCheck PHP version and extension requirements against your... A Complete Backup Checklist Everything in one place.THE ARRANGEMENTBackups run automatically on a schedule They include files... A Continuity Checklist for Small Businesses A practical starting point.ACCOUNTSDomain auto-renewal enabled Registrar contact details current... A Database Checklist Everything that matters.SETUPOne database per application One user per database, with all... A Developer's Monthly Routine Maintenance across the projects you look after.FOR EACH PROJECTApply available updates, having... A Developer's Post-Launch Checklist The first days after going live.IMMEDIATELYVerify the site loads from a different network and... A Developer's Pre-Launch Checklist Before a site goes live.TECHNICALPHP version current and supported Required extensions... A Failed Update Broke the Site The most common reason to need a backup.IMMEDIATE ACTIONIf you took a backup before updating,... A First-Year VPS Checklist What to do, and when, in the first twelve months.DAY ONEChange root password, set up SSH keys,... A Maintenance Plan Description You Can Adapt Wording for what you sell.WHAT IS INCLUDEDCore, theme and plugin updates, applied monthly after a... A Maintenance Routine for a VPS What to do, and how often.WEEKLYApply security updates Check disk space Check backups ran and... A Migration Checklist You Can Use Every step, in order.BEFOREAccess to current hosting obtained, or a full backup provided Current... A Monthly Backup Review Fifteen minutes.WHAT TO CHECKRecent backups present in storage, with correct dates and plausible... A Monthly Reseller Routine What to do regularly.WEEKLYCheck for update notices and announcements Apply maintenance to sites... A Practical Database Task Reference Common jobs and where they are covered.TAKING A BACKUPcPanel > Backup > Partial Backups, or... A Quarterly Restore Test The check that matters most.WHY QUARTERLYFrequently enough to catch a problem before you need the... A Quick Annual Billing Review Once a year, spend ten minutes on this. It prevents most of the billing problems we see.CHECK... A Realistic Assessment of Self-Hosting When to install software and when not to.WHAT SELF-HOSTING GIVES YOUControl over your data No... A Security Routine What to do regularly.WEEKLYApply security updates Check for unexpected user accounts Check... A Security Routine for a Small Business Ongoing practice.MONTHLYConfirm updates are applying across devices Check backups ran Review... A Service Will Not Start The most common operational problem.THE FIRST COMMANDsystemctl status for the service. It reports... A Simple Website Maintenance Routine What to do, and how often.MONTHLYApply updates, having backed up Test the contact form from an... A Store Health Check to Run Quarterly Ninety minutes, four times a year.TECHNICALWooCommerce > Status, and clear every warning PHP... A Summary: Running Software on Your Hosting Everything that matters, briefly.BEFORE INSTALLINGCheck requirements against your plan Check the... A Website Improvement Plan You Can Follow Twelve weeks, an hour a week.WEEKS ONE TO TWOAudit: read every page, list what is wrongFix... A Weekly Backup Routine Five minutes.WHAT TO DOConfirm the scheduled backup ran: check the storage for a recent file of... Access and Identity Terms Who can do what.AUTHENTICATIONProving who you are.AUTHORISATIONWhat you are permitted to do once... Adding a Service to an Existing Account Buying more.HOWLog in to the Client Area first, then order.That adds the new service to your... Affiliate Account Security Your affiliate account is part of your Client Area account and deserves the same protection.THE... After Installing: The First Ten Minutes What to do before building anything.SECURITYChange any default administrator credentials Delete... AI for a Web Developer Building and maintaining sites.WHERE IT HELPSExplaining unfamiliar code Boilerplate Tests... AI in IT Operations and Support Running systems.WHERE IT HELPSLog analysis and pattern identification Summarising incidents... Always Online Serving a cached copy when your site is down.WHAT IT DOESIf our server is unreachable, Cloudflare... An Annual Backup and Recovery Review An hour once a year.THE ARRANGEMENTIs the frequency still right for how the site has changed Is... An Annual Review for Your Online Business An afternoon once a year.THE BUSINESSWhat sold, and what did not Which products or services were... An Email Marketing Routine What to do and when.MONTHLYWrite and send one campaign Review the previous campaign's clicks and... Answering Security Questions From Customers When clients ask.WHEN THIS ARISESA larger customer assessing you as a supplier A contract... Apple Security: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.THE MODEL IS DEFENCE IN DEPTH, EACH LAYER ASSUMING THE ONE ABOVE MAY FAILHardware... Application Maintenance Routine What to do, and how often.WEEKLYApply available updates, having backed up Check the site loads... Application Security Checklist What to verify before a site goes live.INPUT AND OUTPUTAll database queries parameterised Output... Application Update Failed An update that did not complete.WHAT USUALLY HAPPENSThe update downloads, begins, and fails... Applying System Updates The single most important ongoing maintenance task.WHYMost server compromises exploit known... Archiving Email for Compliance and Records Business correspondence is a record and sometimes evidence.WHY IT MATTERSContracts and agreements... Arranging Ongoing Maintenance After the project ends.WHAT MAINTENANCE INVOLVESApplying updates Monitoring the site Backups... Assessing Legacy PHP Code Judging what you have.WHAT TO LOOK FORThe PHP version required Whether queries are parameterised... Assessing Your Own Risk What you have to lose.WHAT TO CONSIDERWhat data you hold What a compromise would cost in lost... Attending an Online Interview Online interviews.WHAT TO CHECK BEFOREHANDThe platform, and that it works Your camera and... Automating Backups Backups you have to remember do not happen.THE COMPONENTSA script or tool that dumps databases... Automating Backups and Restores The automation that matters most.WHAT TO AUTOMATETaking the backup Verifying it completed... Automating Backups with a Script Scheduled backups without a plugin.WHAT A SCRIPT DOESDumps each database Archives the files... Automating Business Operations Running the company efficiently.WHAT TO AUTOMATEInvoicing and receipts Payment retries Onboarding... Automating Data Centre Operations Reducing manual work.WHAT TO AUTOMATEProvisioning Configuration Monitoring registration Patching... Automating Deployment with Scripts Turning several steps into one command.WHAT A DEPLOYMENT SCRIPT DOESPulls the latest code... Automating Notifications and Reporting Keeping people informed.WHAT TO AUTOMATEDeployment notifications Incident alerts Backup and task... Automating Routine Maintenance Housekeeping.WHAT ACCUMULATESLog files Temporary files Old backups Session data Orphaned uploads... Automating Routine Tasks with Cron Scheduling work on a server you control.WHAT TO AUTOMATEBackups Log rotation, if not handled by... Automation in Practice: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.AUTOMATE WHAT YOU MUST DO UNDER PRESSUREDeployment, backup, restore and environment... Avoiding Common Startup Mistakes What goes wrong in the first year.BUILDING BEFORE TESTING DEMANDAn elaborate site for a product... Azure Backup and Recovery Protecting against loss.WHAT THE PLATFORM PROVIDESBackup services for virtual machines,... Azure Databases Managed data services.WHAT OPTIONS EXISTManaged relational databases Document and multi-model... Azure Security Practices Protecting cloud resources.WHAT TO CONFIGURE FIRSTMulti-factor authentication for every... Backend Development: Common Mistakes What goes wrong repeatedly.TRUSTING THE CLIENTPrices, quantities, identifiers and permissions... Backing Up a Database Manually The most important single backup.USING PHPMYADMINcPanel > phpMyAdmin.Select the... Backing Up a Database Properly The most important backup you take.WHY IT MATTERS MOSTFiles can usually be reinstalled. The... Backing Up a Phone Protecting what is on it.WHAT TO BACK UPPhotographs and video Contacts Messages, where they... Backing Up a Server More than backing up sites.WHAT TO BACK UPSite files Databases Mail, if you host it Configuration... Backing Up a Shop More urgent than for other sites.WHY IT MATTERS MOREA shop's database changes constantly: orders,... Backing Up a Static Site What actually matters.WHAT TO BACK UPYour source: content files, templates, configuration.Not... Backing Up a WordPress Site Completely Everything a WordPress site needs.WHAT MUST BE INCLUDEDThe database, which holds posts, pages,... Backing Up an Online Store A shop's database changes constantly, which changes what a backup needs to be.WHY IT IS... Backing Up Application Data Protecting what matters.WHAT TO BACK UPThe database Uploaded files Configuration Anything not... Backing Up Before a Migration The most important backup you will take.WHYA migration touches everything: files, database, DNS,... Backing Up Before AI-Assisted Changes The habit that prevents disasters.WHEN TO BACK UPBefore running any generated code or command... Backing Up Before Any Change The habit that prevents most disasters.WHENBefore updating core, a theme or a plugin Before... Backing Up Before Handing Over to a Developer Protecting yourself before someone else works on the site.WHYNot because developers are... Backing Up Before You Change Anything The habit worth building.WHENBefore updating anything Before installing a plugin Before editing a... Backing Up Configuration and Settings The things that are not files or data.WHAT LIVES OUTSIDE THE OBVIOUSCron jobs Email accounts and... Backing Up Custom Code Code you or a developer wrote.THE RIGHT TOOLVersion control. A repository records every change... Backing Up DNS Records Frequently overlooked and quickly needed.WHY IT MATTERSDNS records determine where your website... Backing Up Financial Records Protecting what matters.WHYFinancial records are among the hardest things to reconstruct.WHAT TO... Backing Up Media and Large Files When the content is large.THE PROBLEMImage libraries, video and document archives make backups... Backing Up Membership and Course Sites What is at risk.WHY IT MATTERSThe database holds members, subscriptions, progress and payment... Backing Up Multiple Sites on One Account Several websites, one hosting plan.THE STRUCTUREEach addon domain has its own directory and... Backing Up on Location Protecting footage before it reaches the office.WHY IT IS URGENTFootage exists in one place until... Backing Up with a WordPress Plugin The usual approach for WordPress sites.WHAT TO LOOK FORScheduled automatic backups Remote... Backing Up Your Business Online What you cannot afford to lose.WHAT MATTERS MOSTYour customer records and order history Your... Backing Up Your Email Mail is the business record people most often realise too late they have lost.WHAT IS AT... Backing Up Your Files Properly A real backup.WHAT A BACKUP MUST INCLUDEFiles Databases Email, if it mattersFiles alone are not a... Backup and Continuity for Business Systems Surviving failure.WHAT MUST BE PROTECTEDThe database Configuration Customisation and integration... Backup and Disaster Recovery for Windows Environments Protecting infrastructure.WHAT TO BACK UPDomain controller system state File servers and their... Backup and Maintenance Scripts Automating housekeeping.WHAT TO AUTOMATEDatabase dumps File archives Transferring backups off the... Backup and Recovery Terms Protecting your data.BACKUPA copy of your data, kept separately.FULL BACKUPFiles, databases,... Backup Applications and Tools Software specifically for protecting your site.WHAT TO LOOK FORScheduled automatic backupsRemote... Backup Considerations for Membership and Subscription Sites Recurring relationships complicate recovery.WHAT IS AT RISKMember accounts and access levels... Backup Considerations for Online Shops Where data loss costs money directly.WHY SHOPS ARE DIFFERENTThe database changes constantly.... Backup Costs and Storage Planning What it actually costs to be protected.WHAT YOU PAY FORCloud storage, which for a typical website... Backup Files Are Corrupt or Will Not Open The archive exists and does not work.COMMON CAUSESAn incomplete transfer, where the download or... Backup Habits That Actually Stick Making it routine rather than intentional.ATTACH IT TO SOMETHINGBack up before updating. The two... Backup Infrastructure Systems that protect data.WHAT A BACKUP ISA separate copy, from a point in time, that the live... Backup Internet Connections Continuity of access.WHY CONSIDER ONEAn outage stops everything: cards, calls, systems,... Backup Storage and Disk Quota Backups that cause the problem they prevent.THE ISSUEBackups stored on the hosting account count... Backup Strategy for a VPS On a VPS, backups are entirely your responsibility unless you have bought them.WHAT TO BACK... Backup Terminology Explained The words used in backup tools.FULL BACKUP: a complete copy of everythingINCREMENTAL: only what... Backup Types: Full, Incremental and Differential How backup tools reduce size and time.FULLA complete copy every time. Simple, large, and slow,... Backups and Account Suspension or Cancellation When you lose access to the account.DURING SUSPENSIONData remains in place. Nothing is deleted at... Backups and Data Protection Obligations Backups contain personal data.WHAT THIS MEANSA backup of your database contains everything the... Backups and Disaster Recovery for SaaS Surviving the worst case.WHAT MUST BE RECOVERABLEThe database Customer files Configuration... Backups Are Not Version Control Two different tools for two different problems.WHAT BACKUPS DOLet you return to a previous state... Backups Are Too Large or Taking Too Long When the account has outgrown the arrangement.WHY IT MATTERSLarge backups time out, consume... Backups as a Security Control A tested backup turns a compromise from a crisis into an inconvenience. It is the most valuable... Backups as Security The measure that saves you.WHY BACKUPS ARE SECURITYThey are what lets you recover from anything:... Backups for Businesses with Legal Obligations Where records retention is required.WHAT MAY APPLYTax record retention Contractual obligations... Backups for Client Sites Deciding and stating your position.THE THREE POSITIONSYou take backups and can restore on... Backups for Developers Managing Multiple Sites Scale changes the approach.THE PROBLEMTen sites, each with its own backup plugin, each configured... Backups for Sites You Have Inherited Taking over something someone else built.FIRST ACTIONTake a full backup before touching anything.... Backups of Infrastructure Not only data.WHAT TO BACK UPApplication data Databases Uploaded files Configuration The... Backups Stopped Running and Nobody Noticed The silent failure.HOW IT HAPPENSCron was never configured, so the schedule never ran The remote... Backups When You Host Client Sites Responsibility across several accounts.DECIDE YOUR POSITIONYou take backups and can restore on... Backups: Everything That Matters, Briefly The whole category in one page.THE PRINCIPLEAlmost every website disaster is recoverable with a... Bandwidth and Disk Reports for Clients Clients ask what they are using, particularly when you suggest an upgrade.WHERE TO FIND ITWHM... Before You Restore Anything Steps that prevent making things worse.TAKE A COPY OF THE CURRENT STATEWhatever is wrong now, the... Blank White Page Nothing displays at all.WHAT IT MEANSPHP stopped and errors are not being displayed, which is... Budgeting for Security Spending sensibly.WHAT COSTS LITTLE OR NOTHINGUpdates Unique passwords and a second step Access... Building a Practice Gradually What to adopt in what order.FIRSTEverything in version control Secrets out of version control... Building a Proportionate Security Posture Not overdoing it.THE PRINCIPLEEffort proportionate to what is at stake.WHAT EVERY BUSINESS... Building a Simple Security Routine Security is maintenance, not a project you finish. A short routine beats an occasional large... Building an Online Shop, Part Two: Briefly Shipping, orders, performance and launch.FOR SHIPPINGZones by area, with rates that reflect your... Built-In Tools You Already Have Software you did not know about.WHAT MOST SYSTEMS INCLUDEA screenshot and screen recording tool A... Bundling Hosting With Other Services Where the margin actually is.THE PRINCIPLEHosting alone is thin. Hosting as part of something... Business Continuity for a Small Business Website Planning for the site being unavailable.THE QUESTIONSWhat does the business lose per day if the... Business Continuity: Everything That Matters, Briefly The whole category in one page.WHAT ACTUALLY STOPS BUSINESSESNot disasters. Losing account... Business Systems in the Nigerian Context Local realities.WHAT CONSTRAINS SYSTEM ADOPTION HEREForeign currency pricing against local... Buying and Setting Up: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.WHAT DETERMINES HOW A COMPUTER FEELSMemory and solid-state storage, far more than... Buying as a Reseller for Your Clients Ordering on behalf of others.THE TWO APPROACHESReseller hosting, where you hold one account and... Buying Security Services Sensibly What to buy and what you already have.WHAT IS INCLUDED WITH HOSTINGFree SSL through AutoSSL... Cancelling a Service Cancelling properly protects your data and stops further invoices.BEFORE YOU CANCELDownload a... Cancelling a Service from the Client Area Cancellation is requested through the Client Area, not by simply not paying.BEFORE YOU CANCELTake... Cancelling Your Hosting and What Happens to Your Data If you decide to leave, cancelling properly protects your data and prevents unwanted... Cannot modify header information in wp-config or functions Whitespace before or after the PHP tags.WHAT IT MEANSOutput was sent before WordPress could set... Capacity and Resource Planning Having enough.WHAT TO MONITORProcessor use Memory use Disk space Disk activity Network throughput... Changes to Pricing and Terms Prices and terms occasionally change. Here is how that is handled.WHY PRICES CHANGERegistry price... Changing Developers Moving to someone new.WHEN TO CONSIDER ITPoor communication Work not delivered You cannot get... Changing Your cPanel Password Your cPanel password protects every file, database and mailbox on your account. Change it... Changing Your Mind After Ordering What can and cannot be undone.HOSTINGWhere a money-back period applies to the product, a refund... Changing Your PHP Version How to do it safely.BEFORE ANYTHINGTake a full backup.CHECK COMPATIBILITYConfirm your... Checking Whether Your Cron Job Is Working Verification.WHY VERIFYA cron job that is not running produces no error. Things simply do not... Checking Your Service Usage from the Client Area You do not need to open cPanel to see where you stand.WHEREServices > My Services > click... Checklist: Annual Security Review Once a year, properly.DATAWhat do you hold, where, and why? Delete what you no longer need... Checklist: Before Deploying Python Code Pre-deployment.CODEChanges tested somewhere that is not production No debug mode enabled No... Checklist: Before Going Live Pre-launch review.VERSION CONTROLEverything committed No secrets in history Ignore file... Checklist: Monthly Infrastructure Review A short routine.UPDATESOperating system and package updates applied Dependency vulnerabilities... Checklist: Monthly Security Review Fifteen minutes.DEVICESAre updates applying on every device? Is anything running an unsupported... Checklist: Setting Up a New Device Before it holds anything.BEFORE USEApply all available updates Set a screen lock with a short... Checklist: Taking a Laravel Application Live Before launch.CONFIGURATIONEnvironment set to production Debug mode off Application key set... Choosing a Backup Tool What to look for.THE REQUIREMENTSScheduled automatic backups Remote storage, off the server Both... Choosing Between an Addon Domain and a Separate Account Where to host a second site.ADDON DOMAINSame account, shared resources, one login, one... Choosing Between Cloud and On-Premises Where to run things.WHAT CLOUD SERVICES PROVIDENo hardware to buy or maintain Updates applied... Choosing Peripherals Screens, keyboards and accessories.WHAT MATTERS IN A SCREENSize and resolution Height adjustment... Choosing the Right Setup for Your Business Type Matching the tools to what you actually do.IF YOU SELL PHYSICAL PRODUCTSA shop platform, payment... Choosing What to Sell Designing your offering.KEEP IT SIMPLEThree packages. Small, medium, large.A page with eight... Choosing WooCommerce Extensions Wisely Every extension is code running on every page load.BEFORE INSTALLING ANYTHINGAsk whether the shop... Cleaning a Compromised Application Removing an infection properly.THE ORDEROpen a ticket so we can check the account... Cleaning a Hacked Website Step by Step Work in this order. Cleaning while the site is still being re-infected wastes the effort.1.... Cleaning and Physical Care Looking after hardware.WHY IT MATTERSHeat and dust cause more failures than anything else.WHAT... Cleaning Up Your Hosting Account Recovering space and reducing clutter.WHAT TO REMOVEBackup archives you have downloaded Old site... Client Documentation Worth Keeping What to record per client.WHAT TO RECORDDomain and where it is registered, with renewal date... Cloud and On-Premise Deployment Where the system runs.WHAT CLOUD DEPLOYMENT MEANSThe vendor hosts and operates it, accessed over... Cloud Services and Your Data Data held by others.WHAT THE PROVIDER SECURESTheir infrastructure.WHAT REMAINS YOURSYour account... Cloudflare R2 and Object Storage Storing files at Cloudflare.WHAT IT ISObject storage for files, with no charge for data... Cloudflare Zone Export as a DNS Backup Records nobody else backs up.WHY THIS MATTERSNo hosting backup includes DNS records held at... Common Backup Mistakes The ones that leave people with nothing.STORING BACKUPS ON THE SAME SERVERLost in the same event... Common Bookkeeping Mistakes What goes wrong.MIXING BUSINESS AND PERSONAL MONEYMakes everything else difficult.RECORDING... Common Cloudflare Misconceptions What people believe that is not true.THAT IT MAKES ANY SITE FASTIt caches static assets. Pages... Common Database Mistakes What goes wrong.RUNNING UPDATE OR DELETE WITHOUT A WHERE CLAUSEChanges or removes every row. No... Common Developer Mistakes on Shared Hosting The ones that cause real problems.EDITING FILES DIRECTLY ON PRODUCTIONChanges exist nowhere else... Common DNS Mistakes What goes wrong.EDITING RECORDS IN THE WRONG PLACEChanging cPanel records while nameservers point... Common Misconceptions About Data Centres What people get wrong."THE CLOUD IS NOT PHYSICAL"It is buildings full of equipment, with power... Common Mistakes in Media Production What goes wrong repeatedly.NOT CHECKING THE AUDIO BEFORE SHOOTINGA whole shoot with unusable... Common Mistakes in SaaS Businesses What goes wrong repeatedly.BUILDING BEFORE VALIDATINGMonths spent on something nobody pays... Common Mistakes in Web Projects What goes wrong repeatedly.BUILDING WITHOUT REAL CONTENTReal content breaks the layout.DESIGNING... Common Mistakes With Installed Applications The ones that cause real problems.NULLED SOFTWAREThe most common cause of compromised sites we... Common PHP Security Failures What actually goes wrong.OUTDATED PHP OR DEPENDENCIESKnown vulnerabilities, publicly documented... Common Questions from New Resellers Short answers.HOW MANY CLIENTS DO I NEED?Enough that recurring revenue covers your costs and... Common Reseller Mistakes What goes wrong.UNDERPRICINGThe most common. A monthly fee that does not cover the support... Common Reseller Mistakes and How to Avoid Them The things that most often go wrong, from people who have been through them.SELLING UNLIMITEDYour... Common Security Mistakes What goes wrong.NOT UPDATINGThe largest cause of compromise.REUSED PASSWORDSA breach elsewhere... Common VPS Mistakes The ones that cause real damage.NOT SECURING IT BEFORE GOING LIVEAutomated attacks find new... Common Website Mistakes The ones that cost the most.NO CLEAR STATEMENT OF WHAT YOU DOVisitors cannot tell within seconds... Communicating Price and Value to Clients Explaining what they are paying for.THE PROBLEMHosting looks like a commodity. A client comparing... Comparing Git Hosting Platforms GitHub, GitLab and Bitbucket.WHAT THEY ALL PROVIDEHosted repositories Pull or merge requests,... Comparing Virtualisation Platforms The main options.WHAT THE ESTABLISHED COMMERCIAL PLATFORM PROVIDESMature management Live... Compressing and Extracting Files in cPanel Working with one archive is faster and far more reliable than moving hundreds of individual... Computer Basics: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.MEMORY AND STORAGE ARE DIFFERENT PURCHASESA computer slow with several programs open... Connecting to MySQL from the Command Line Direct database access over SSH.CONNECTINGUse the mysql client with your database username and... Connection reset by peer The connection was closed unexpectedly.WHAT IT MEANSThe other end terminated the connection... Connectivity: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.UPLOAD MATTERS MORE THAN PEOPLE THINKCalls, backups, sending files and anything... Containers and Environments: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.WHAT CONTAINERS SOLVESoftware behaving differently between environments, by... Containers and Whether You Need Them Docker and similar, on a VPS.WHAT THEY DOPackage an application with its dependencies so it runs... Control Panel Infrastructure The management layer.WHAT A CONTROL PANEL PROVIDESAccount provisioning File, database and mail... Controlling Costs Keeping the business efficient.WHAT THE MAIN COSTS AREPeople Infrastructure Software and tooling... Controlling Directory Listings with Index Manager If a folder has no index file, the server may display a list of everything inside it. Visitors... Cooling Redundancy and Failure When cooling stops.WHAT HAPPENSTemperature rises quickly, and in a dense hall, very quickly.WHAT... Coordinating a Release The human side.WHAT TO AGREE BEFOREHANDWhat is being released When Who performs it Who verifies... Cost Management for a VPS Keeping spending proportionate.WHAT YOU PAY FORThe server itself Any control panel licence Backup... Costs of Running a Business Website in Nigeria What to budget for.THE RECURRING COSTSDomain registration, annually Hosting, monthly or annually... Creating a Table When you need somewhere to put data.WHENA custom feature storing its own data An import needing a... Creating and Managing Packages in WHM The technical side of your offering.WHAT A PACKAGE ISA template of limits applied when creating... CRM and Business Applications Customer records and business management.THE OPTIONSSelf-hosted CRM applications, which you... Cron Jobs After a Migration What gets lost.WHAT HAPPENSCron jobs do not travel with website files.Unless you took a full... Cron Jobs and Resource Limits When scheduled work affects your site.THE PROBLEMCron jobs consume the same account resources as... Cron Jobs for Backups Automated backup scheduling.WHY SCHEDULE THEMA backup routine depending on you remembering does... Cron Jobs on Shared Hosting A cron job runs a command automatically on a schedule.CREATING ONEcPanel > Cron Jobs. Choose... Cron Jobs: Everything That Matters, Briefly The whole category in one page.THE MOST IMPORTANT POINT ON OUR SERVERSHTTP wp-cron is blocked... Cron Scripts and Scheduled Tasks Running things automatically.CREATING ONEcPanel > Cron Jobs. Set the interval and the command,... Customer Data in Messaging Privacy considerations.WHAT YOU HOLDNames, numbers, addresses, order details, conversations.That... Customising Without Touching Code Options for non-developers.THE CUSTOMISERAppearance, Customise. Live preview of changes.Colours,... Cyber Security: Everything That Matters, Briefly The whole category in one page.WHAT ACTUALLY CAUSES INCIDENTSSomething out of date, a reused... Daily Operations for an Online Business The routine.EVERY MORNINGCheck new orders and their payment status Confirm bank transfers... Data Centre Technology: Everything That Matters, Briefly The whole category in one page.WHAT YOU ARE ACTUALLY BUYING WITH HOSTINGThe facility as much as... Data Protection and the NDPR Obligations when you hold customer information.WHAT YOU PROBABLY HOLDNames, phone numbers, email... Data Recovery Fundamentals When files are lost.WHAT TO ESTABLISH FIRSTWhether it was deleted, overwritten, corrupted, or the... Data Retention After Cancellation or Termination Understanding the timeline prevents an unrecoverable loss.AFTER CANCELLATIONThe service is... Data Security: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.START BY KNOWING WHAT YOU HOLDYou cannot protect data you have not identified. Most... Database Backup Is Incomplete or Truncated A dump that stops partway.HOW TO TELLOpen the SQL file in a text editor and look at the end. A... Database Backups for Developers Protecting the data that cannot be regenerated.WHAT MAKES DATABASE BACKUPS DIFFERENTCode can be... Database Backups Versus Full Backups Knowing which you need.A DATABASE BACKUPThe content, settings, users and orders. Small, fast, and... Database Corruption and How to Handle It Tables in an inconsistent state.THE SYMPTOMSTables marked as crashed Errors when reading specific... Database Errors After an Update When an update leaves things inconsistent.WHAT HAPPENSMany updates change the database structure... Database Maintenance Routine What to do and how often.MONTHLYCheck the database size in cPanel > MySQL Databases Clear... Database Was Modified by an Attacker Recovering from a compromise affecting data.WHAT IT LOOKS LIKESpam links injected into post... Databases on Shared Hosting MySQL and MariaDB databases are available on every plan, managed through cPanel.CREATING... Databases: Everything That Matters, Briefly The whole category in one page.WHAT A DATABASE ISThe half of your site holding content, settings,... Deciding What to Automate Choosing the targets.WHAT SUITS AUTOMATIONRepetitive Rule-based Done frequently Error-prone by... Decommissioning a VPS Safely Shutting down a server properly.BEFORE ANYTHING ELSETake a final full backup and verify it opens... Decommissioning an Old Application Retiring something you no longer use.BEFORE REMOVING ITExport anything you may need: content,... Deploying Changes Safely Updating a live application.WHAT TO PREPAREA tested change A backup of files and database A way... Deployment and Maintenance: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.DISABLE DEBUG MODE IN PRODUCTIONIt exposes paths, versions and sometimes credentials.... Designing a Deployment Process Making releases routine.WHAT A GOOD PROCESS ISRepeatable Automated, or precisely documented... Detecting Compromise Noticing intrusion.WHAT TO WATCH FORUnexpected processes Unexpected network connections,... Development Practices That Prevent Problems Habits that reduce the number of bad afternoons.VERSION CONTROL EVERYTHINGCode, configuration... DevOps and Infrastructure: Everything That Matters, Briefly The whole category in one page.ADOPT IN THIS ORDERVersion control with secrets excluded, tested... DevOps for a Small Team Proportionate practice.WHAT A SMALL TEAM ACTUALLY NEEDSVersion control for everything A... Diagnosing a Slow Connection Finding the constraint.WHAT TO ESTABLISHSlow for everyone or one device? Everything or one... Diagnosing a White Screen No error, no content, nothing.WHAT IT MEANSPHP stopped and errors are not being displayed, which... Digital and Data Risks Technology exposure.WHAT CAN HAPPENA compromised website Loss of customer data Ransom demands... Digital Literacy and Maintenance: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.ASSESS WHAT A USER CAN ACTUALLY DOIt determines how to explain anything. Confidence... Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Surviving serious events.WHAT FACILITIES PROTECT AGAINSTComponent failure Power loss Cooling... Disaster Recovery Planning Preparing for serious loss.WHAT DISASTER RECOVERY ADDRESSESLoss of a site, a system, or data,... Disaster Recovery Planning for a VPS What you do when the server is gone.THE SCENARIOSHardware failure A compromise requiring a... Disk Full: Emergency Response Everything breaks at once and nothing indicates why.CONFIRM ITdf -h. A filesystem at 100 per cent... Disk quota exceeded The account is full.WHAT BREAKSUploads fail Mail stops being delivered Databases may become... Disk Space and Inode Management Disks fill silently and break everything at once.WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A DISK FILLSApplications... DNS Best Practices Habits worth adopting.RECORD WHERE EVERYTHING LIVESRegistrar, DNS provider, and who has access.... DNS Costs and What You Pay For Where money is involved.WHAT COSTS MONEYDomain registration and renewal Premium DNS services,... Documenting Backend Systems Records that help.WHAT TO DOCUMENTHow to set the project up from nothing How to run it How to... Documenting for Operations What the people running it need.WHAT THEY NEED TO KNOWHow to deploy it How to roll it back How to... Documenting What You Have Installed The record that makes maintenance possible.WHAT TO RECORDApplication name and versionWhere it is... Documenting What You Would Need to Rebuild The information a backup does not contain.WHAT TO RECORDDomain: where registered, renewal date,... Documenting Your Server Setup The thing nobody does until they wish they had.WHAT TO RECORDOperating system and version... Downloading Your Files Getting a copy.WHYA backup Migrating away Working locally Archiving a site you are retiringTHE... Drupal: Installation and First Steps Powerful, and more demanding than most alternatives.WHO IT SUITSComplex content structures, many... Editing Files Safely Making changes without breaking things.THE RULECopy before you edit. Always.Name the copy... Email Records, Retention and Legal Considerations Business correspondence is a record, and sometimes evidence.WHY IT MATTERSContracts, agreements... Email Troubleshooting: Missing or Deleted Mail Mail that was there and now is not.FIRST, SEARCH PROPERLYSearch the whole mailbox rather than the... Enabling Two-Factor Authentication on WordPress Two-factor authentication (2FA) requires a one-time code from your phone in addition to your... Enabling Two-Factor Authentication on Your Accounts Two-factor authentication (2FA) means a stolen password alone is not enough to get in. It is the... Enabling Two-Factor Authentication on Your Client Area Anyone with your billing login can reach your services, your domains and your cPanel. Protect... Encrypting Data at Rest Protecting stored information.WHAT IT MEANSData stored in a form unreadable without the key.WHY... Equipment for Media Production What to buy, and when.WHAT TO BUY FIRSTNothing, until a limitation actually blocks... Error 522: Connection Timed Out Cloudflare waited and got nothing.WHAT IT MEANSCloudflare opened a connection and our server did... Everything That Matters, Briefly The whole category in one page.BEFORE BUILDINGDecide what the site is for and who it is for Plan... Existing Applications: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.WHEN INHERITING AN APPLICATIONBack up, change every credential you control, and put... Explaining Backups to Clients Setting expectations before something goes wrong.WHAT TO TELL THEMHow often backups run What is... Exporting a Database Taking a backup.THE PROCEDURESelect the database in the left panel.Export tab.Quick export, SQL... Exporting and Backing Up Your DNS Records nobody else backs up.WHY THIS MATTERSNo hosting backup includes DNS records held at an... Exporting Only Part of a Database Taking specific tables or rows.WHYRecovering one table from a backup Moving specific data between... Extensions Most Stores Actually Need A short list, in the order most shops should add them.ESSENTIALYour payment gateway plugin An... Fair Use of Shared Hosting Resources Shared hosting works because typical websites use resources in short bursts. A few patterns break... 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Preventive Maintenance in an Organisation Reducing incidents before they occur.WHAT PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE COVERSPatching Disk space... Privacy Engineering Building systems that protect people.WHAT IT ISApplying engineering practice to privacy... Privacy Notices and the NDPR Nigerian data protection considerations.WHAT THE NDPR ISThe Nigeria Data Protection Regulation,... Professional Conduct in IT Work Ethics in a privileged position.WHAT THE POSITION INVOLVESAccess to systems, files and... Project Management and Team Tools Self-hosted collaboration.THE OPTIONSSelf-hosted project management applications Hosted services... Protecting Application Data Storage and handling.WHAT TO MINIMISEWhat you collect.WHYData you do not hold cannot be... Protecting Configuration and Credentials Secrets.WHAT COUNTSDatabase credentials API keys Encryption keys Mail credentials Anything... Protecting Configuration Files Files containing credentials.WHAT THEY AREwp-config.php for WordPress Similar files for other... Protecting Customer Data on Your Website If your site collects names, emails, phone numbers or orders, you are responsible for looking... Protecting Online Stores and Payment Pages If you take payments, the security expectations are higher and the consequences of a compromise... Protecting Your Business Online The security measures that matter most.FOR YOUR ACCOUNTSStrong unique passwords on hosting,... Protecting Yourself in Future What to do differently.BEFORE ENGAGING ANYONERegister your own domain Buy your own hosting... Providing Backups to Your Clients Decide your position, state it, and then actually do it.THE OPTIONSYou take backups and can... Provisioning a New Server Setting one up.WHAT TO DO IN ORDERCreate the server Secure access immediately Apply all updates... Questions Clients Ask and How to Answer Them Prepared responses.WHY IS MY SITE SLOW?Usually caching not enabled, or large images. Check both... Questions to Ask a Hosting or Facility Provider Before committing.ABOUT THE FACILITYWhere is it, precisely? Who operates it? What certifications... Questions to Ask Before You Buy Getting it right first time.ABOUT HOSTINGWill this plan handle what I want to run? How many... Quick Reference: The Rules That Matter Most The short list.UPDATESAutomatic, everywhere. This prevents more than anything... Ransomware and Extortion Being locked out of your own data.WHAT HAPPENSFiles are encrypted and payment is demanded to... Ransomware or Destructive Attack When data is deliberately destroyed or encrypted.WHAT IT LOOKS LIKEFiles encrypted or replaced A... Rebuilding Rather Than Cleaning When to start again.WHEN REBUILDING MAKES SENSEThe compromise is extensive You cannot be... Recording Where Everything Is The document that makes recovery possible.WHAT TO RECORDWhere the domain is registered and when... Recovering a Deleted Database When it is gone.FIRSTStop. Do not create a new database with the same name, which complicates... Recovering a Single Deleted Row Getting one record back.THE SITUATIONOne post, one order, one customer deleted in error. The rest... Recovering a Site from Web Archives When there is genuinely no backup.WHAT IS AVAILABLEPublic archive services crawl and store copies... Recovering a Store After a Problem When something has gone badly wrong.FIRST, STOP THE DAMAGEIf checkout is broken, say so on the... Recovering Access to Your Account If you cannot get in, there is a route back, but it involves verification.FORGOTTEN PASSWORDUse... Recovering After a Failed Server Migration When a move between servers went wrong.THE SITUATIONFiles or data did not transfer completely, or... Recovering an Application from Backup Restoring after something went wrong.BEFORE RESTORINGTake a copy of the current state. It may... Recovering Data Left on the Old Host Before it disappears.WHAT TO CHECK BEFORE CANCELLINGEmail received during propagation Form... Recovering Deleted Files When something is lost.WHAT TO CHECK FIRSTThe recycle bin or trash.WHAT TO CHECK NEXTWhether the... Recovering From a Compromised VPS The hardest situation to handle well.IMMEDIATE ACTIONSIsolate the server. Restrict network... Recovering From a Deleted DNS Zone Records gone.WHAT HAPPENSThe domain stops resolving entirely. Website and mail both fail.The... Recovering From a Hack: Everything That Matters, Briefly The whole category in one page.THE FIRST HOURBack up the compromised state Establish scope Change... Recovering Systems and Accounts Getting back to normal.WHAT ORDER TO WORK INClose the entry point Change every credential Restore... Reducing Disk Usage Recovering space.WHERE TO LOOKcPanel Disk Usage, sorted by size.THE USUAL CULPRITSBackup archives... Reducing High CPU and Resource Usage on Your Account If your site is throttled, returns 508 errors, or you receive a resource limit notice from us,... Reducing Inode Usage Fewer files.WHERE THEY ACCUMULATEEmail, one file per message Cache directories with thousands of... Reducing Risk Before Insuring It Prevention.WHY IT MATTERSPrevention costs less than claims, and claims raise premiums.Some... Reducing the Number of Applications You Run Consolidation as maintenance.WHY IT HELPSEvery application is updates to apply, backups to... Redundancy for Hosting Services Removing single points of failure.WHAT TO IDENTIFYEvery component whose failure affects... Reference: Infrastructure Problems and Where to Look Quick lookup.SITE DOWN ENTIRELYCheck from outside, then the provider's status, then your own... Removing a Google Security Warning or Blacklisting If Google flags your site, browsers show a red warning page and your traffic stops almost... Removing an Application Safely Uninstalling properly.WHY IT MATTERSAn abandoned installation is unpatched software sitting on... Removing What You Do Not Use Reducing exposure.WHY IT MATTERSEvery installed component is potential exposure.Unused ones are... Renaming or Removing a Database Changing what exists.RENAMINGcPanel offers a rename function under MySQL Databases.It works, and... Repairing and Optimising Tables Maintenance operations.REPAIRFor a table marked as crashed, usually after an interrupted write or... Requesting a Free Website Migration We move your existing site to us at no charge. For anything business-critical, use this rather... Reseller Business: A Complete Checklist Everything in one place.SETTING UPReseller plan ordered Business domain registered Private... Reseller Business: Everything That Matters, Briefly The whole category in one page.BEFORE STARTINGHosting alone is thin. The margin is in... Resource Limits and 508 Errors A 508 Resource Limit Reached message means your account hit a plan allowance at that moment. The... Resources and Where to Learn More Continuing beyond this.IN THIS KNOWLEDGEBASEWebsite Content and Design Basics, for building and... Restoring a Client Account from Backup Restores are usually urgent, so know the routes before you need them.FROM JETBACKUPAvailable from... Restoring a Database The restore that matters most.FROM JETBACKUPcPanel > JetBackup > Database Backups. Select... Restoring a Database from Backup Getting data back.BEFORE RESTORINGTake a copy of the current state. It contains everything added... Restoring a Full Account Backup The complete restore.THE RESTRICTIONYou cannot restore a full cPanel account backup yourself... Restoring Email Recovering mailboxes and messages.FROM JETBACKUPWhere email backups are included in your plan,... Restoring Files and Databases with JetBackup JetBackup holds scheduled server-side backups of your account and lets you restore them... Restoring Files from a Backup Getting the website files back.FROM JETBACKUPcPanel > JetBackup > File Backups. Select a... Restoring from a Backup The method depends on where the backup came from.JETBACKUPcPanel > JetBackup. Choose File... Restoring From Backup The part people practise least and need most.BEFORE RESTORINGUnderstand what will be lost.... Restoring Is Taking Too Long When recovery is slower than you can afford.WHY IT MATTERSRecovery time is part of your plan. A... Restoring Only Part of a Site Selective recovery.WHY IT IS USUALLY BETTERRestoring everything rolls back everything. If one... Restoring Your Site After Cleaning Getting back to normal.WHAT TO DO IN ORDERVerify the site is clean Remove any maintenance page... Restoring Your WordPress Site from a Backup Restoring reverses the backup method you used. Take a fresh copy of the current broken state... Retention: How Long to Keep Records Storage periods.WHAT DETERMINES ITLegal and tax requirements, which vary.WHAT TO DOAsk your... Reviewing Your Backup Arrangement Annually An hour once a year.WHAT TO CHECKAre backups actually running, with recent files in the storageDo... Reviewing Your Business Annually An afternoon once a year.THE NUMBERSClients gained and lost Recurring revenue, compared to last... Reviewing Your Website Annually An hour once a year.READ IT AS A VISITOREvery page, in order, as though you had never seen it.You... Revoking Access When Staff or Contractors Leave Old credentials that were never revoked are a frequent route into hosting accounts, sometimes... Risks You Cannot Insure Against What insurance does not solve.WHAT INSURANCE DOES NOT COVERA business model that does not work... Routine Computer Maintenance Keeping machines working.WHAT TO DO REGULARLYApply updates Restart, at least weekly Check free... Running a Nigerian Online Business: The Essentials Everything that matters, briefly.SETTING UPA .com.ng or .ng domain, registered in the business... Running a Node Participating in verification.WHAT RUNNING ONE PROVIDESIndependent verification, trusting nobody... Running a SaaS Business From Nigeria Local realities.WHAT THE ADVANTAGES ARECost base substantially below competitors abroad Software... Running Artisan Commands on Your Hosting The command-line tool in production.WHERE TO RUN ITTerminal access in cPanel.WHAT TO SPECIFYThe... Running Databases for Multiple Applications Keeping applications separated.THE PRINCIPLEOne database and one database user per application,... Running SQL Queries Safely Using the SQL tab without breaking things.THE DISCIPLINEWrite a SELECT first, with the same WHERE... Running Your Business Online: The Short Version Everything that matters, in one page.SET UP PROPERLYDomain in the business name, with... Safe Handling of Email Attachments Attachments are the most common delivery route for malware.BEFORE OPENING ANYTHINGWere you... Scaling a Hosting Platform Growing the infrastructure.WHAT CONSTRAINS GROWTH FIRSTStorage performance, usually.WHAT ELSE... Scanning Applications for Malware Finding what should not be there.IMUNIFYAVcPanel > ImunifyAV. Scan the full home directory... Scanning for Malware with ImunifyAV in cPanel ImunifyAV scans your hosting account for malware, backdoors and injected code at the server... Scanning Your Account for Malware ImunifyAV in cPanel scans your entire hosting account, independently of anything installed inside... Scanning Your Account for Malware with ImunifyAV ImunifyAV scans your whole hosting account for malware, backdoors and injected code,... Scheduled posts missed schedule Scheduled content did not publish.WHAT IT MEANSWordPress cron did not run when the post was... Scheduled Tasks and Cron on a Server Automated jobs.WHAT CRON DOESRuns commands on a schedule.WHAT IT IS USED FORApplication scheduled... Scheduling and Checking Cron Jobs Making sure scheduled work actually happens.VIEWING EXISTING JOBScrontab -l for the current user.... Scheduling Operational Tasks Recurring work.WHAT TO SCHEDULEBackups Cleanup Log rotation Report generation Certificate renewal... Scheduling Tasks Sensibly Choosing frequency and timing.HOW OFTENAs infrequently as the task allows.Every minute is rarely... Secure Deletion of Data Removing information properly.WHY DELETING IS NOT ENOUGHDeleted files usually remain recoverable... Securing an Online Store Shops are a higher-value target than ordinary websites.WHY THEY ARE TARGETEDThey process... Securing Any Web Application Principles that apply regardless of platform.THE ESSENTIALSKeep everything updated: core, themes,... Securing Data in Transit and at Rest Protecting information.WHAT TO USE FOR EVERY CONNECTIONEncryption, throughout, without... Securing Keys and Recovery Phrases Protecting what cannot be recovered.WHAT TO DO WITH A RECOVERY PHRASEWrite it on paper or stamp... Securing Network Communication Protecting data in transit.WHAT TO USEEncrypted connections, without exception.WHAT TO... Securing Your Database Practical protection.THE ESSENTIALSA strong generated password, different for every database user... Security for a One-Person Business When you are everyone.WHAT IS DIFFERENTNo colleague to verify with No separation of duties... Security for Businesses Handling Sensitive Records Higher-risk data.WHO THIS APPLIES TOAnyone holding health information, financial records,... Security for Sites You Manage for Others Client site responsibility.WHAT TO ESTABLISHWho is responsible for updates Who holds the... Security Plugins and Firewalls What protection tools do.WHAT THEY OFFERBlocking malicious requests Limiting login attempts... Security When Taking Over Someone Else's Systems Inheriting an environment.WHEN THIS HAPPENSYou acquire a business A developer or employee leaves... Selling Hosting Alongside Design and Maintenance For most designers, hosting is more valuable as part of a relationship than as a product.WHY IT... Selling Maintenance Plans The most valuable thing alongside hosting.WHAT IT INCLUDESCore, theme and plugin updates Backup... Sending Backups to Cloud Storage Getting copies off the server automatically.THE OPTIONSGoogle Drive, Dropbox, OneDrive, or object... Server Maintenance Routine What to do regularly.WEEKLYCheck for and apply security updates Review monitoring alerts Check... Server Resource Limits: Everything That Matters, Briefly The whole category in one page.THE LIMITSProcessor, memory, entry processes, disk operations,... Server Resources and Speed When you are hitting limits.WHAT LIMITS EXISTCPUMemory Entry processes, meaning simultaneous... Server Storage Options Disks and arrays.WHAT TYPES EXISTMechanical drives: high capacity, lower cost, slowerSolid-state... Servers and Provisioning: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.SECURE ACCESS BEFORE ANYTHING ELSEA new server is scanned within minutes of... Servers and Storage: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.WHAT MAKES SERVER HARDWARE DIFFERENTContinuous operation, redundant components,... Servers and VPS: Everything That Matters, Briefly The whole category in one page.BEFORE BUYING ONEName the specific thing you cannot do on shared... Service Level Agreements for Facilities What is committed.WHAT IS TYPICALLY COMMITTEDPower availability Environmental conditions within a... Serving Media from Object Storage Separating files from your hosting.WHAT IT MEANSUploaded images, documents and video stored with... Setting Client Expectations and Terms Most reseller disputes come from an assumption nobody wrote down.PUT IN WRITINGWhat the hosting... Setting Recovery Expectations How quickly you need to be back.THE TWO QUESTIONSHow long can you afford to be down? How much... Setting Up a New Computer Starting properly.WHAT TO DO IN ORDERApply all available updatesSet up accounts: a standard one... Setting Up Alerting Being told when it matters.WHAT AN ALERT SHOULD MEANSomeone must do something now.WHAT HAPPENS... Setting Up as a Reseller The practical steps.WHAT YOU NEEDA reseller hosting plan A domain for your own business... Setting Up Backups for Your Client Accounts Decide your backup position, then implement it properly.WHAT WE PROVIDEServer-level backups with... Setting Up Backups Today: A Practical Start For anyone with nothing in place.THIRTY MINUTES, IN ORDERcPanel > Backup > Download a Full... Setting Up Hosting for a Client Doing it in a way that works when the relationship ends.THE OPTIONSThe client holds their own... Setting Up WHMCS or Another Billing System Once you have more than a handful of clients, manual account creation and invoicing stops... Settings Worth Adjusting Configuration that helps.WHAT TO SET FIRSTDisplay of file extensions Screen lock with a short... Snapshots Versus File Backups Two different tools for different situations.SNAPSHOTSA point-in-time image of the entire server.... Someone Deleted Content and I Need It Back Recovering individual items rather than the whole site.FIRST, CHECK THE APPLICATIONMany... Spreadsheets Alongside Business Systems Managing the tool nobody eliminates.WHY THEY PERSISTThey are flexible, familiar, and require no... Starting Small and Growing Deliberately An honest progression.MONTH ONERegister the domain, set up hosting and emailBuild five pages:... Static Sites and Frameworks: Everything That Matters, Briefly The whole category in one page.WHAT STATIC MEANSThe server sends an existing file. Fast, secure,... Storage Infrastructure: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.RAID IS NOT A BACKUPIt protects against drive failure, not deletion, corruption,... Storage Systems and Shared Storage Storage beyond the server.WHAT SHARED STORAGE ISStorage accessible by several servers, rather... Store Maintenance Routine A shop needs more regular attention than a brochure site.DAILYCheck for new orders and process... Storing Customer Data Securely Practical protection.THE MEASURESHTTPS across the whole site Strong unique passwords and... Storing Data Securely on Device Protecting local information.WHAT TO STORE IN SECURE STORAGEAuthentication tokens Credentials... Supporting Apple Devices in an Organisation Practical administration.WHAT TO ESTABLISHWho owns the devices How they are enrolled and... Suspending and Terminating Accounts When service stops.FOR NON-PAYMENTHave a stated process: reminder, warning, suspension,... Symptom: Account Suspended or Over Quota Limits and suspensions.WHAT CAUSES SUSPENSIONNon-paymentAbuse: spam, malware, or a... Symptom: Files or Data Missing Something is gone.WHAT TO ESTABLISHWhat is missing, and when it was last seen Who has access What... Symptom: Internal Server Error The 500 error.WHAT IT MEANSThe server could not complete the request.Deliberately vague, so the... Syncing a Database Between Environments Moving data safely in the right direction.THE SAFE DIRECTIONProduction to staging or local. This... Table doesn't exist A table is missing from the database.WHAT IT MEANSThe database exists and connects, but a table... Table is marked as crashed A table needs repair.WHAT IT MEANSThe table was left in an inconsistent state, usually by an... Taking a Backup from cPanel Take your own backup before any significant change. Do not rely solely on ours.FULL ACCOUNT... Taking a Full cPanel Account Backup The most complete backup available to you.HOWcPanel > Backup.Under Full Backup, click Download... Taking Over an Existing PHP Application Inheriting code.WHAT TO ESTABLISH FIRSTWhat it doesWhat it runs on: PHP version, framework,... Taking Over Someone Else's Project Inheriting code you did not write.BEFORE COMMITTINGLook at it first. Quote after you have seen... Taking Partial Backups You Can Restore Yourself More practical for day-to-day use.WHAT THEY ARESeparate downloads of the home directory and of... Taking Your Business Online: A Twelve Week Plan A realistic sequence.WEEKS ONE TO TWOChoose and register the domain, in the business name Set up... Taking Your Own Backups Take one before every update, migration or significant change. It takes two minutes and has saved... Tax and Record Keeping for Online Businesses Keeping the records you will need.WHY IT MATTERSOnline sales are business income. Records are... Terminating a Client Account Termination removes the account and all its data permanently. Treat it as final, because it... Testing and Verifying Backups Proving they work.WHY IT MATTERS MOSTAn untested backup is an assumption, and the assumption... Testing Whether Your Defences Work Verification.WHAT TO TESTThat backups restore That account recovery works without your usual... Testing Your Backups Properly The step that turns an assumption into protection.WHYAn untested backup is a guess. People... Testing Your Plan Whether it would work.WHY TESTAn untested plan is an assumption.WHAT TO TESTRestoring a backup... The 3-2-1 Principle Applied to Websites A simple rule that covers most scenarios.THE RULEThree copies of your data On two different types... The Backup Is From the Wrong Date Discovering the copy predates or postdates what you need.TOO RECENTThe backup already contains... The Backup Questions to Answer Honestly A short self-assessment.DO BACKUPS EXISTNot "is a plugin installed", but: is there a file, dated... The Code Does Not Work Programming problems.THE COMMON CAUSESOutdated methods removed in current versions A library that... The Difference Between Backup and Continuity Two different things.WHAT A BACKUP ISA copy of your data.WHAT CONTINUITY ISThe ability to keep... The Keychain and Secure Storage Protecting credentials.WHAT THE KEYCHAIN ISAn encrypted store for passwords, tokens, keys and... The Site Ahead Contains Malware A browser or search engine security warning.WHAT IT MEANSMalicious content was detected on your... The Trade-Offs of Going Static What you gain and lose.WHAT YOU GAINSpeed, substantially Security, since there is little to... The True Cost of Running Your Own Server What it actually takes.THE MONEYThe server itself Backups, if not included Monitoring, if not... Themes and Builders: Everything That Matters, Briefly The whole category in one page.CHOOSING A THEMECheck the demo's speed before committing. That is... Time and Synchronisation Knowing when things happened.WHY IT MATTERSReadings without reliable time cannot be ordered,... Time Synchronisation and Why It Matters Clocks.WHY IT MATTERSCertificates, authentication and logging all depend on accurate time.WHAT... Transferring an Account to Another Reseller or Host Clients move on. A clean handover protects your reputation.GIVING THEM THEIR DATAWHM > Backup... Transferring Email and Mailboxes The part people get wrong.WHAT DOES NOT MOVEMailbox contents do not travel with a website backup,... Transferring Files to and from Your Server Getting data on and off.SCPCopies files over SSH. Simple and available everywhere. Good for... Transferring Website Files Moving the file content.WHAT TO MOVEEverything in the web root, and anything above it your... Trends and Wider Context: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.HYPERSCALE FACILITIES ASSUME FAILURE RATHER THAN PREVENTING ITThey build redundancy... Turning Off Directory Listings When a folder has no index file, the server may display a browsable list of everything inside it.... Two-Factor Authentication on Server Access Adding a second factor where passwords remain.WHERE IT APPLIESControl panel logins: cPanel, WHM... Types of Software Categories.SYSTEM SOFTWAREThe operating system, drivers and utilities managing the... Understanding Availability and Uptime What continuous operation means.WHAT UPTIME MEASURESThe proportion of time a service is... Understanding Backup Types and Strategies Protecting data properly.WHAT A BACKUP ISA separate copy, from a point in time, that the live... Understanding Backups Copies that save you.WHAT A BACKUP ISA separate copy, from a point in time, that the live system... Understanding Bandwidth Data transferred.WHAT IT MEASURESData sent to and from your account over a period.WHAT CONSUMES... Understanding Bandwidth and Capacity Network throughput.WHAT BANDWIDTH ISThe maximum rate a link can carry.WHAT COMMITTED CAPACITY... Understanding Certificate Pinning An advanced technique with real risks.WHAT IT ISConfiguring a client to accept only a specific... Understanding Cloud Services Software and storage elsewhere.WHAT IT MEANSUsing software and storage that runs on someone... Understanding CPU Limits Processor time.WHAT IT MEASURESHow much processor time your account uses.WHAT CONSUMES ITEvery... Understanding Data Residency Where data is held.WHAT IT MEANSThe physical location where data is stored and processed.WHY IT... Understanding DevOps: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.WHAT THE PRACTICE ACTUALLY CHANGESSmall frequent releases, infrastructure described... Understanding Disk Space Storage.WHAT COUNTSWebsite files Databases Email Backups on the account Logs CacheWHAT USUALLY... Understanding Disk Space and Inode Usage for WordPress Sites Hosting plans limit both how much space you use and how many files you store. WordPress sites hit... Understanding Generators Extended backup power.WHAT THEY DOSupply the facility when mains power is unavailable, for as... Understanding Inode Limits The number of files.WHAT IT MEASURESThe count of files and directories in your account.Not their... Understanding Inodes (File Count Limits) An inode is one file or folder, regardless of its size. Plans limit the total count as well as... Understanding Input and Output Limits Disk operations.WHAT IT MEASURESHow much reading and writing to disk your account does.WHAT... Understanding Load Average and CPU Usage Reading the numbers correctly.LOAD AVERAGEThree numbers: the average over one, five and fifteen... Understanding Migrations Schema as code.WHAT A MIGRATION ISA file describing a change to the database structure.WHY USE... Understanding Racks and Units How equipment is arranged.WHAT A RACK ISA standardised frame holding equipment.WHAT A UNIT ISThe... Understanding RAID Combining drives.WHAT IT DOESCombines several drives for capacity, performance, resilience, or a... Understanding Resource Limits and 508 Errors A 508 Resource Limit Reached message means your account hit a plan limit at that moment, not that... Understanding Serialised Data Why some values must not be edited by hand.WHAT IT ISA way of storing a structure, such as a list... Understanding Synchronisation Files in several places.WHAT SYNCHRONISATION DOESKeeps the same files identical across devices... Understanding Upload and Download Speeds Why they differ.WHAT DOWNLOAD ISData coming to you: pages, files, video.WHAT UPLOAD ISData... Understanding What You Can Afford to Lose Recovery point and recovery time.RECOVERY POINTHow much data you can afford to lose, measured in... Understanding What You Can Change Safely Editing without breaking things.SAFEText on pages Images Adding pages and posts Prices and... Understanding Your cPanel Statistics and Plan Limits The panel on the right of the cPanel home page shows what you are using against what your plan... Understanding Your Plan Limits The right-hand panel of the cPanel home page shows what you are using against what your plan... Undoing a Bad Query When you have just broken something.STOP IMMEDIATELYDo not run anything else. Further changes... Uninstalling WordPress and Starting Over Cleanly Sometimes a fresh start is faster than repairing a badly broken or compromised site. Before you... Unknown database The named database does not exist.WHAT IT MEANSThe application is looking for a database that is... Updating Hardcoded HTTP Links in Content Old content keeps pointing at insecure URLs.WHERE THEY HIDEImage src attributes in posts and... Updating Plugins Keeping them current.WHY UPDATESecurity fixes, primarily.Outdated plugins are the most common... Updating WooCommerce Safely Shop updates carry more risk than ordinary site updates, because breakage costs sales.BEFORE... Updating WordPress Core, Themes and Plugins Safely Out-of-date WordPress installations are the leading cause of hacked sites on shared hosting.... Updating Your Own Content Making changes without breaking anything.WHAT YOU CAN SAFELY CHANGEText on pages Images Prices... Using a Control Panel on a VPS Managing without the command line.WHAT A CONTROL PANEL GIVES YOUA web interface for sites, email,... Using AI to Fix Website Problems Diagnosis assistance.HOW TO DESCRIBE A PROBLEMThe exact error message, copied not paraphrased... Using Cloudflare Purely for DNS The proxy is optional.THE CONFIGURATIONCloudflare's nameservers, with every record set to DNS... Using JetBackup to Restore Where JetBackup is available on your plan.WHAT IT PROVIDESBrowsable restore points by date, with... Using phpMyAdmin Effectively The browser interface, used well.WHAT IT IS GOOD FORBrowsing data Running ad-hoc queries Small... Using Softaculous to Install Applications Hundreds of applications in a few clicks.WHAT IT DOESCreates the files, the database and the... Using Transactions Grouping changes so they apply together.WHAT IT ISA set of changes treated as one unit. Either... Using WP-CLI on Your Account Managing WordPress from the command line.WHYMany tasks are faster and more reliable than through... Using Your Phone as a Scanner Capturing documents.WHAT MODERN PHONES DOCapture a document, correct its perspective, and produce... Using ZillionKingHost AI for Web Development Building sites.WHERE IT HELPSExplaining HTML, CSS and JavaScript Producing components Debugging... Verifying Your Backups Are Actually Running The check almost nobody performs.WHY IT MATTERSA backup system configured and silently failing is... Version Control and Git: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.VERSION CONTROL IS NOT A BACKUP BY ITSELFA repository on one machine is lost with... Virtual Machine Management Day-to-day operation.WHAT TO STANDARDISETemplates, from which machines are created Naming... Virtual Private Servers Selling virtual machines.WHAT A VPS ISA virtual machine sold to a customer, with root access.WHAT... Virtualisation: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.OVERCOMMIT PROCESSORS MODERATELY AND MEMORY VERY CAUTIOUSLYExhausting memory causes... VPS Pricing and What Affects Cost What you are paying for.THE COMPONENTSAllocated CPU, memory and disk Storage type, with NVMe... VPS Security Fundamentals The basics, in priority order.THE ESSENTIALSSSH keys rather than passwords, with root login... Website Planning Checklist Before you start building.DECISIONSWhat the site is for, in one sentence Who it is for What you... Website Recovery Planning Getting back online.WHAT YOU NEED TO RESTORE A SITEA current backup of files and database Access... Website Security: Everything That Matters, Briefly The whole category in one page.THE THING TO UNDERSTAND FIRSTAttacks are automated and... What a Cleanup Should Cost Reasonable expectations.WHAT AFFECTS THE COSTSite complexity How long the compromise persisted... What a Complete Backup Actually Contains More than most people include.THE WEBSITEAll files in the web directory: application code,... What a Cron Job Is Scheduled work on your server.WHAT IT DOESRuns a command at a time you specify, repeatedly,... What a Customer Is Responsible For The division of duties.WHAT THE FACILITY PROVIDESPower, cooling, connectivity, physical security,... What a Data Centre Actually Is The building behind the cloud.WHAT IT ISA facility housing computing equipment, with the power,... What a Database Actually Is The part of your site that holds everything.THE SHORT VERSIONYour website has two halves. Files... What a DNS Zone Contains The records for your domain.THE TYPICAL ZONEAn A record for the domain, pointing at your server... What a Proper Handover Includes What you should receive.ACCESSDomain registrar Hosting Site administration Any third-party... What a VPS Actually Is A virtual private server is a slice of a physical machine, allocated to you alone.HOW IT WORKSA... What Changes When You Move to a VPS The differences that surprise people.WHAT YOU GAINRoot access and the ability to install anything... What Cloudflare Actually Does The service explained plainly.THE BASIC IDEACloudflare sits between your visitors and our... What Could Stop Your Business Operating The honest inventory.WHAT PEOPLE PLAN FORFire, flood, theft.WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENS MORE... What Cyber Security Actually Means for a Small Business Scope and proportion.WHAT IT COVERSProtecting your devices, accounts, data and people from... What Hosting Backups Cover and What They Do Not Understanding the safety net.WHAT WE PROVIDEScheduled backups of hosting accounts, with retention... What Is Not Covered by Backups Understanding the gaps prevents unpleasant discoveries.NOT COVERED BY ANY BACKUPData written... What Migrating Your Website Actually Involves The full picture.WHAT MOVESYour website files Your databases Your email accounts and their... What Not to Store on Your Hosting Account Files that should not be there.NEVER IN PUBLIC_HTMLBackup archives Database exports Spreadsheets... What Plugins Do and What They Cost Understanding the trade-off.WHAT THEY DOAdd functionality WordPress does not include: forms,... What Public_html Actually Means Web-accessible storage.THE RULEAnything inside public_html can be downloaded by anyone who knows... What Root Access Actually Means Control and responsibility.WHAT IT GIVES YOUThe ability to install any software Change any... What to Check After Any Restore Confirming it worked.THE SITEThe homepage loads Several inner pages load Images display Forms... What to Check After Any Update Post-update verification.WHAT TO TESTThe homepage A content page Your contact form, including... What to Check Before Launch The client's checklist.CONTENTEvery page complete and correct Contact details accurate Prices... What to Do After Migrating The follow-up that catches problems.IMMEDIATELYConfirm the site loads Run AutoSSL Test mail both... What to Do After Your Website Launches The first weeks.IMMEDIATELYConfirm the site loads from another device and network Confirm HTTPS... What to Do Before a Long Absence A fortnight away is long enough for a missed renewal to take a business offline.BEFORE YOU... What to Do If Your WordPress Site Is Hacked Work through these steps in order. Do not skip step 1 — cleaning a site while it is still serving... What to Do in the First Hour Immediate steps.DO NOT PANICMost compromises are recoverable.STEP ONE: TAKE A BACKUPEven of the... What to Do When a Client Blames Us Handling the conversation.FIRST, ESTABLISH THE FACTSWas it a server problem, their site, or their... What to Monitor Deciding what matters.WHAT TO MONITOR FIRSTWhether the service works, from outside.WHY FROM... What to Send a New Client The onboarding message.WHAT IT SHOULD CONTAINWelcome and confirmation of what they have bought... What to Send When a Client Leaves The closing message.THE TONEGracious. They may return, and they will certainly be asked about... What We Do and What You Must Do After a Compromise Cleaning up is a shared responsibility. Knowing the split avoids delays.WHAT WE... What We Handle and What You Handle The division of responsibility.WHAT WE HANDLEServer hardware and infrastructure Server-level... What You Are Responsible For as a Reseller Being clear about the boundary prevents difficult conversations later.WE HANDLEServer hardware,... What You Can Buy at ZillionKingHost The full range of products and services.HOSTINGShared Hosting, for most websites WordPress... What You Need Before Migrating Gathering access.FROM YOUR CURRENT HOSTControl panel access, or a full backup FTP or file access... What You Will Need Before Ordering Hosting Preparation.DECIDE THE DOMAINWhether you are registering a new one, transferring one, or using... When a Developer Disappears The common crisis.WHAT HAPPENSCommunication stops Work is unfinished, or the site needs attention... When a Plugin Is Consuming Resources Finding the culprit.WHAT TENDS TO BE HEAVYSecurity plugins scanning constantly Related-post... When a Restore Fails The backup did not work.COMMON CAUSESThe archive is corrupt or was incompletely transferred The... When a Scheduled Job Is the Cause Cron and resource limits.THE PATTERNResource spikes at regular intervals.Slowness at predictable... When There Is No Usable Backup The worst case.FIRST, EXHAUST THE OPTIONSCheck whether we hold a server-side restore point within... When to Ask Your Host for Help What we can do.WHAT WE CAN DOCheck server-side logs Identify whether other accounts are affected... When to Get Professional Help Bringing someone in.WHEN TO CONSIDER ITYou cannot find the entry point The compromise returns... When to Move Back to Shared Hosting A legitimate decision.THE SIGNSYou are not maintaining the server You dread touching it The... When to Move DNS Away From Your Host Considering an external provider.REASONS TOFaster propagation, at some providers Keeping DNS... When to Upgrade Your Reseller Plan Upgrade before capacity becomes a problem, not after.CLEAR SIGNALSDisk or inode usage... When You Actually Need to Touch the Database And when you do not.YOU DO NOT NEED TOEdit content, which the application does properly Change... When You Cannot Access Your Own Site Recovering control.WHAT TO ESTABLISHDo you control the domain? Do you control hosting? Do you... 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