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Viewing articles tagged 'webdevelopment'

Asynchronous JavaScript Work that takes time.WHAT ASYNCHRONOUS MEANSWork that completes later, without blocking... Authentication and Sessions Establishing who someone is.WHAT AUTHENTICATION ISEstablishing identity.WHAT AUTHORISATION... Authorisation and Access Control What a user may do.WHAT THE COMMONEST SERIOUS FAULT ISChecking authentication but not... Backend and Full-Stack: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.THE BROWSER IS UNDER THE USER'S CONTROLAnything requiring trust — authorisation,... Background Jobs and Scheduled Work Work outside the request.WHAT TO MOVE OUT OF A REQUESTSending mail Processing files and images... Basic Types and Annotations Declaring what things are.WHAT CAN BE ANNOTATEDVariables Function parameters Return values Object... Browser APIs: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.REQUEST PERMISSION AT THE MOMENT THE FEATURE IS USED, WITH CONTEXTAsking on page load... Browser Developer Tools Diagnosing in the browser.WHAT THEY PROVIDEInspecting the document and applied styles The... Building Accessible Interfaces Interfaces everyone can use.WHAT TO START FROMNative elements, which provide behaviour and... Building for Local Conditions The Nigerian web specifically.WHAT TO ASSUME ABOUT VISITORSMost are on phones Many are on mobile... Building for the Web: Everything That Matters, Briefly The whole category in one page.STRUCTURE, PRESENTATION AND BEHAVIOUR ARE SEPARATEMarkup describes... Building Sites That Can Be Handed Over Maintainable by others.WHAT MAKES A PROJECT MAINTAINABLEDocumented setup Clear structure... Caching and Delivery Serving efficiently.WHAT CACHING ACHIEVESRepeat visits transferring almost nothing.WHAT TO... Caching Strategies Avoiding repeated work.WHERE CACHING HAPPENSIn the browser At a delivery network At a reverse... Choosing Technology for a Project Making stack decisions.WHAT TO ASSESSWhat the project actually requires What the team knows What... Colour, Contrast and Theming Visual treatment.WHAT TO DEFINEA palette, as named values used throughout.WHY NAMED VALUESSo a... Common Mistakes in Web Projects What goes wrong repeatedly.BUILDING WITHOUT REAL CONTENTReal content breaks the layout.DESIGNING... Component-Based Development Building from pieces.WHAT A COMPONENT ISA self-contained piece of interface, with its own markup,... CSS: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.MOST CONFUSION ABOUT STYLES NOT APPLYING IS A CASCADE QUESTIONOrigin, then... Databases for Web Applications Persistent storage.WHAT KINDS EXISTRelational, with structured tables and defined relationships... Debugging Web Applications Finding faults.WHERE TO LOOK FIRSTThe browser console, for frontend errors The server log, for... Defending Against Forged Cross-Site Requests Actions triggered from elsewhere.WHAT IT ISAnother site causing a visitor's browser to perform an... Deploying Web Applications Getting changes live.WHAT THE STEPS USUALLY AREBack up Deploy the code or artefact Install... Deployment and Maintenance: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.DISABLE DEBUG MODE IN PRODUCTIONIt exposes paths, versions and sometimes credentials.... Designing APIs Interfaces between systems.WHAT AN API DOESExposes functionality for other software to use.WHAT... Designing for Touch and Small Screens Physical interaction.WHAT DIFFERSA finger is imprecise and obscures what it touches There is no... Document Structure and the Essential Elements The skeleton of a page.WHAT EVERY DOCUMENT NEEDSA declaration of the document type A root... Estimating Web Development Work Predicting effort.WHY ESTIMATES ARE WRONGUnknowns are discovered during the work, not before... Events and User Interaction Responding to what people do.WHAT AN EVENT ISSomething happening: a click, a key press, a form... Fetching Data and Working With APIs Communicating with a server.WHAT A REQUEST INVOLVESAn address A method, indicating intent Headers... Forms and Input Elements Collecting information.WHAT A FORM REQUIRESFields Labels associated with each A submission method... Frontend Practice: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.MANY SITES BUILT WITH A FRAMEWORK DID NOT NEED ONEAssess whether the complexity... Frontend Testing Verifying interface code.WHAT TO TESTLogic, independently of the interface Components, in... Functions, Scope and Closures Structuring behaviour.WHAT A FUNCTION ISA reusable block of code, taking inputs and returning a... Handling Forms in Applications Input in interactive interfaces.WHAT TO START FROMNative form elements and native submission... Headings and Document Outline Structure people navigate by.WHAT HEADINGS DOCreate the outline of the document.WHY THAT... How CSS Works Applying styles.WHAT IT DOESDescribes how elements should be presented.WHAT A RULE CONSISTS OFA... HTML: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.FOUR THINGS EVERY DOCUMENT NEEDSThe document type, the language declared, the... Images and Media in HTML Visual and media content.WHAT EVERY IMAGE NEEDSA source, and alternative text.WHAT ALTERNATIVE... Interfaces, Types and Structure Describing shapes.WHAT AN INTERFACE DESCRIBESThe shape of an object: what properties it has, and... JavaScript Language Fundamentals The core of the language.WHAT TO DECLARE VARIABLES WITHThe modern forms: one for values that... JavaScript: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.BUILD SO THE CORE WORKS WITHOUT SCRIPTSScripts fail — blocked, slow or erroring — and... Keeping Up With Web Development Staying current without exhaustion.WHAT CHANGES FREQUENTLYFrameworks and libraries Tooling... Layout With Flexbox One-dimensional arrangement.WHAT IT DOESArranges items in a row or a column, distributing space... Layout With Grid Two-dimensional arrangement.WHAT IT DOESArranges items in rows and columns simultaneously.WHAT IT... Links, Navigation and Addresses Connecting documents.WHAT A LINK REQUIRESA destination, and text describing where it goes.WHAT... Maintaining a Website Over Time Ongoing care.WHAT REQUIRES ATTENTIONDependency and platform updates Certificate and domain... Managing Application State Data that changes.WHAT STATE ISData determining what the interface shows.WHAT KINDS EXISTLocal:... Managing Dependencies and Build Tools The JavaScript ecosystem.WHAT A PACKAGE MANAGER DOESInstalls libraries and records exact... Managing Environments and Configuration Development, staging and production.WHAT SHOULD DIFFERCredentials Endpoints Debug and logging... Measuring and Monitoring Performance Knowing where you stand.WHAT TO MEASURETime until meaningful content appears Time until the page... Media Queries and Breakpoints Adapting at thresholds.WHAT A MEDIA QUERY DOESApplies styles conditionally, based on... Modern JavaScript Features The language today.WHAT MODULES PROVIDESplitting code into files, with explicit imports and... Monitoring a Live Site Knowing it works.WHAT TO MONITORAvailability, from outside Error rates Response times Certificate... Optimising Fonts and Styles Text rendering cost.WHAT FONTS COSTA download per family and weight, and potentially a delay... Optimising Images and Media Usually the largest saving.WHY IMAGES FIRSTThey are typically the majority of transferred... Organising and Maintaining Stylesheets Structure at scale.WHAT GOES WRONG WITHOUT ORGANISATIONStyles nobody can find Rules nobody dares... Preparing a Site for Deployment Before it goes live.WHAT TO BUILDProduction output: compiled, minified, with versioned... Preventing Injection Attacks Input interpreted as instruction.WHAT INJECTION ISInput interpreted as part of a command rather... Preventing Scripting Attacks in the Browser Content executed in the browser.WHAT IT ISSubmitted content rendered into a page and executed by... Principles of Responsive Design Building for any screen.WHAT IT MEANSOne codebase adapting to the available space.WHAT THAT... Progressive Enhancement in Practice Building in layers.WHAT IT MEANSStarting with content that works everywhere, then adding... Progressive Web Applications Web applications with application-like behaviour.WHAT THEY PROVIDEInstallation to the device... Reducing and Optimising Scripts JavaScript cost.WHY SCRIPTS COST MORE THAN THEIR SIZEThey must be downloaded, parsed, compiled... Responsive Design: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.START FROM THE SMALLEST SCREENIt forces prioritisation, and adding space is easier... Responsive Images and Media Serving the right file.WHAT THE PROBLEM ISAn image sized for a large screen is wasteful on a... Reviewing Web Code What to look for.CORRECTNESSDoes it do what it claims?Are edge cases handled: empty, missing,... Securing Authentication in Web Applications Sign-in and sessions.WHAT TO USEEstablished libraries, not your own implementation.WHAT TO DO... Securing Data in Transit and at Rest Protecting information.WHAT TO USE FOR EVERY CONNECTIONEncryption, throughout, without... Securing Dependencies and the Supply Chain Risk from code you did not write.WHERE IT COMES FROMLibraries you install Their dependencies... Security Headers and Browser Protections Instructing the browser.WHAT HEADERS PROVIDEInstructions to the browser about how to treat your... Selectors and Targeting Elements Choosing what to style.WHAT SELECTORS EXISTElement names Classes Identifiers Attributes... Semantic HTML Using the right element.WHAT SEMANTIC MEANSThe element describes what the content is, not how it... Server-Side Rendering and Rendering Strategies Where pages are produced.WHAT THE OPTIONS ARERendered on the server for each request Generated in... Setting Up a Development Environment Tools for the work.WHAT YOU NEEDA capable code editor A runtime for whatever you build with A... Storing Data in the Browser Client-side persistence.WHAT OPTIONS EXISTSimple key and value storage, persisting indefinitely... Tables and Structured Data Presenting tabular information.WHEN TO USE A TABLEWhen data has rows and columns with a genuine... Testing Across Devices and Browsers Verifying it works.WHAT TO TEST ONReal devices, primarily Browser developer tools, for rapid... The Box Model and Sizing How elements occupy space.WHAT EVERY ELEMENT HASContent Padding, inside the border A border... TypeScript: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.IT CATCHES ERRORS BEFORE RUNNING, AND DOCUMENTS WHAT CODE EXPECTSThat addresses the... Typography and Text Styling Setting text.WHAT TO SETA font stack with fallbacks A base size Line height Line length... Understanding Browser APIs Capabilities available to pages.WHAT THEY AREFunctionality the browser exposes to JavaScript.WHAT... Understanding Frontend Frameworks Libraries for building interfaces.WHAT THEY PROVIDEA way of describing interfaces as components... Understanding Full-Stack Development Working across both sides.WHAT IT MEANSWorking on both the interface and the server side.WHAT IT... Understanding WebSockets and Real-Time Communication Persistent connections.WHAT THE PROBLEM ISOrdinary requests are initiated by the client. The... Using TypeScript Effectively Practical adoption.WHAT TO CONFIGUREStrict checking, which catches considerably more.WHYWithout... Using Version Control in Web Projects Tracking changes.WHAT TO COMMITSource code Configuration examples Documentation Dependency... Web Components Reusable elements built into the platform.WHAT THEY ARECustom elements defined by you, usable as... Web Performance: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.WHAT MATTERS IS WHEN SOMETHING USEFUL APPEARSNot when everything has finished. And... Web Security: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.THE COMMONEST SERIOUS FAULT IN CUSTOM APPLICATIONSChecking authentication but not... What Backend Development Involves Server-side work.WHAT IT COVERSHandling requests Business logic Data storage and retrieval... What Determines Page Speed The contributing factors.WHAT AFFECTS HOW FAST A PAGE FEELSHow quickly the server responds How... What HTML Is and What It Does Markup, not programming.WHAT IT ISA markup language describing the structure and meaning of... What JavaScript Does Scripting the page.WHAT IT ISA programming language running in the browser, and increasingly on... What TypeScript Adds Types on top of JavaScript.WHAT IT ISJavaScript with a type system, compiled to plain... Working as a Developer: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.SET UP THE IGNORE FILE BEFORE THE FIRST COMMITOnce a secret is committed it remains... Working With Clients on Web Projects Managing expectations.WHAT TO ESTABLISH IN WRITINGWhat is being built What is not What the client... Working With Designers Turning designs into interfaces.WHAT TO ESTABLISH EARLYWhat states exist beyond the default What... Working With Location and Device Capabilities Hardware access from a page.WHAT CAN BE ACCESSEDApproximate or precise location Camera and... Working With the Document Object Model Interacting with the page.WHAT IT ISThe browser's representation of the document, as a structure...
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