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AI Glossary: The Terms That Matter Most A short reference.FOR UNDERSTANDING WHAT IT ISLarge language model: trained to predict and... What Are Precision and Recall? Measuring what a system catches and misses.THE DEFINITIONSPrecision: of the items flagged, how... What Is Alignment? Making models behave as intended.THE DEFINITIONAdditional training so a model follows... What Is Automation Bias? Accepting output you should question.THE DEFINITIONThe documented tendency to accept a system's... What Is Bias in AI? Unfair patterns in output and decisions.THE DEFINITIONSystematic unfairness in a system's output... What Is Deep Learning? Neural networks with many layers.THE DEFINITIONMachine learning using layered networks loosely... What Is Explainability? Understanding why a system decided something.THE DEFINITIONThe ability to explain why a model... What Is Fine-Tuning? Adapting a model to a specific purpose.THE DEFINITIONTaking a trained model and training it... What Is Generative AI? Systems that produce rather than classify.THE DEFINITIONAI that creates new content: text,... What Is Hallucination? Confident false output.THE DEFINITIONA model producing confident, fluent, false information:... What Is Human Oversight? Keeping people in control.THE DEFINITIONA person remaining responsible for and able to review a... What Is Inference? Running a trained model.THE DEFINITIONUsing a trained model to produce output, as distinct from... What Is Machine Learning? Learning from data rather than rules.THE DEFINITIONSystems that learn patterns from examples... What Is Multimodal AI? Handling more than text.THE DEFINITIONA model working with several kinds of input or output:... What Is Overfitting? Learning the examples instead of the pattern.THE DEFINITIONA model that learned its training data... What Is Prompt Injection? Instructions hidden in content.THE DEFINITIONInstructions embedded in content the AI processes,... What Is Retrieval Augmented Generation? Giving a model access to your information.THE DEFINITIONSearching your documents for relevant... What Is Temperature? A setting controlling randomness.THE DEFINITIONHow much randomness is applied when the model... What Is Training? How a model is made.THE DEFINITIONAdjusting a model's internal values repeatedly until its output... What Is a Benchmark? Standardised model testing.THE DEFINITIONStandardised tests measuring model performance on... What Is a Context Window? How much a model can consider at once.THE DEFINITIONThe amount of text a model can take into... What Is a Knowledge Cutoff? The limit of what a model knows.THE DEFINITIONThe point in time up to which a model's training... What Is a Large Language Model? The system behind AI chat tools.THE DEFINITIONA model trained on very large amounts of text to... What Is a Neural Network? The structure behind deep learning.THE DEFINITIONLayers of simple units, each receiving inputs,... What Is a Parameter? The adjustable values inside a model.THE DEFINITIONOne adjustable value inside the model, set... What Is a Prompt? What you give the model.THE DEFINITIONEverything you send: your instruction, context, examples,... What Is a System Prompt? Instructions you do not see.THE DEFINITIONText the operator provides to shape a model's... What Is a Token? The unit models actually process.THE DEFINITIONA fragment of text. Roughly a word, sometimes part... What Is a Transformer? The architecture behind modern AI.THE DEFINITIONA neural network architecture using attention:... What Is an AI Agent? A system that takes actions.THE DEFINITIONA system that performs actions — searching, reading... What Is an API? How software connects to AI.THE DEFINITIONA way for your software to send a request to a service... What Is an Embedding? Turning meaning into numbers.THE DEFINITIONText converted into a list of numbers representing its... What Is an Open Model? Models you can run yourself.THE DEFINITIONA model whose weights are published, so you can...

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