Hardware in plain terms.
THE PROCESSOR
Performs the calculations. Determines how quickly work is done.
MEMORY
Holds what is currently in use. More memory means more programs open at once without slowing.
STORAGE
Holds your files and programs permanently, whether or not power is on.
WHAT THE DIFFERENCE IS BETWEEN MEMORY AND STORAGE
Memory is temporary and fast. Storage is permanent and slower.
WHY THAT MATTERS
A computer slow with several programs open needs memory.
A computer that has run out of space needs storage.
Those are different purchases.
THE GRAPHICS PROCESSOR
Handles display. Matters for design work, video and games. Rarely otherwise.
THE POWER SUPPLY
Provides electricity. A common failure point, particularly where supply is unstable.
THE MOTHERBOARD
Connects everything.
PERIPHERALS
Keyboard, mouse, screen, printer.
WHAT TO KNOW ABOUT YOUR OWN MACHINE
Its memory, its storage capacity, and how much space remains.