Consistency.
WHAT TO ESTABLISH
A small palette: one main colour, one accent, plus neutrals
Where each is used Sufficient contrast
WHY CONSISTENCY MATTERS
A site using six colours inconsistently looks unplanned.
CONTRAST
Text against its background must meet the accessibility guidelines.
Check it rather than judging by eye.
Your own eyes on your own screen are not representative.
WHERE TO SET COLOURS
The Customiser, where the theme supports it.
Otherwise additional CSS.
WHAT TO AVOID
Colour as the only way of conveying information Light grey text Low-contrast buttons
FOR BUTTONS
They should look like buttons and stand out.
A button the same colour as the background is not found.
FOR LINKS
Distinguishable from body text, ideally underlined in content.
WHAT TO DOCUMENT
Your colour values, so anyone working on the site uses the same ones.